Analog Electronics
Analog electronics is a branch of electronics that deals with the design, construction, and operation of electronic circuits that use continuous signals, as opposed to digital signals. The term “analog” refers to the fact that the signals in these circuits are continuously variable, as opposed to the discrete values used in digital circuits.
In analog electronics, the signals are represented by a continuous range of voltages or currents, and the circuits are designed to manipulate these signals in various ways. Examples of analog electronic circuits include amplifiers, oscillators, filters, and analog-to-digital converters.
The basic building blocks of analog circuits include resistors, capacitors, and inductors, which are used to create various circuit configurations such as series and parallel circuits, and different types of filters.
Analog electronics have been widely used in many applications such as:
- radio and television broadcasting
- audio equipment
- measuring instruments
- control systems
- medical equipment
- automotive systems
However, with the development of digital electronics, the use of analog electronics has decreased. Today, many applications that once used analog circuits have been replaced by digital equivalents, due to the advantages of digital circuits such as greater accuracy, better noise immunity, and the ability to be easily integrated with digital devices.
It’s important to note that, to work with analog electronics, you need to have a good understanding of basic electronic principles, circuit analysis techniques, and the behavior of electronic components such as resistors, capacitors, and transistors.
Ohm’s Law
Ohm’s Law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points and inversely proportional to the resistance between them. Mathematically, it can be represented as:
I = V / R
Where: I = current (in amperes) V = voltage (in volts) R = resistance (in ohms)
It means that if we know the voltage and resistance in a circuit we can calculate the current flowing through it and vice versa.
This relationship is fundamental in the study of electricity and is used to design and analyze electrical circuits. For example, if you know the voltage and the current in a circuit, you can calculate the resistance using Ohm’s Law. This can be useful when troubleshooting electrical problems or when designing circuits with specific current and voltage requirements.
It’s important to note that Ohm’s Law only applies to linear and non-dynamic systems, i.e, where the resistance does not change with time and the relationship between current and voltage is linear.
How AC voltage invent
The invention of alternating current (AC) voltage is credited to a number of scientists and inventors in the late 19th century, including Nikola Tesla, George Westinghouse, and Galileo Ferraris.
In the early days of electricity, direct current (DC) was the primary method of power generation and distribution. However, DC had several limitations, including that it could only be transmitted over short distances and that it required large and expensive power generators.
In 1887, Nikola Tesla, working for inventor and businessman George Westinghouse, discovered that by using a transformer to change the voltage of an alternating current, he could transmit electricity over much longer distances than was possible with DC. This was a significant breakthrough, as it made it possible to generate electricity at one location and distribute it over long distances to multiple users.
Galileo Ferraris in 1885, independently discovered the rotating magnetic field, which is fundamental to the operation of AC generators and motors. He also discovered that AC generators could be more efficient than DC generators.
In 1891, Westinghouse built the first long-distance power transmission system using AC voltage, which transmitted power from a hydroelectric plant in Niagara Falls to Buffalo, New York. This demonstrated the feasibility and benefits of using AC for power transmission and distribution, and it soon became the dominant method for generating and distributing electricity.
How DC Voltage invent
DC voltage, or direct current, was first discovered by Alessandro Volta in 1800 when he created a battery that produced a steady flow of electrical charge, known as a Voltaic Pile. This invention laid the foundation for the development of the electrical power industry and paved the way for future scientists and inventors to continue exploring the field of electricity.